Assessment of the Risk Factors Related to the Length of Hospital Stay and Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty / Avaliação dos fatores de risco relacionados ao tempo de internação e às complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total primária do joelho

Abstract Objective To assess the risk factors involving longer hospital stays and early postoperative complications (first 30 days after surgery) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods Across-sectional study was conducted with collection of data of patients who underwent TKA in a private hospital between 2015 and 2019. The following data were collected: age, gender, body mass index, and clinical comorbid-ities. We also collected intraoperative data such as the grade on the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), the duration of the surgery, the length of stay, the postoperative complications, and readmission within 30 days. Statistical models were used to investigate the possible risk factors associated with longer hospital stays and postoperative complications. Results There was evidence of an increase in the length of hospital stay in older patients, with higher grades on the ASA classification or who suffered postoperative complications. For each increase in 1 year of age, we expect the length of stay to be multiplied by 1.008 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.004 to 1.012; p < 0,001). In patients who were ASA grade III, the time is expected to be multiplied by 1.297 (95%CI: 1.083 to 1.554; p = 0,005) when compared with grade-I patients. In patients who suffered postoperative complications, the time is expected to be multiplied by 1.505 (95%CI: 1.332 to 1.700; p < 0.001) compared with patients without complications. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that, in patients who underwent primary TKA, preoperative characteristics such as older age and ASA grade > III, as well as the development of postoperative complications, independently predict the increase in the length of hospital stay.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores de risco relacionados a um tempo de internação mais longo e às complicações pós-operatórias precoces (primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia) em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ). Materiais e Métodos Este é um estudo transversal com coleta de dados de pacientes submetidos a ATJ em um hospital privado entre 2015 e 2019. Os seguintes dados foram coletados: idade, gênero, índice de massa corporal, e comorbidades clínicas. Também coletamos dados intraoperatórios, como o grau na classificação da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) e a duração da cirurgia, além do tempo de internação, as complicações pós-operatórias, e a readmissão em 30 dias. Os possíveis fatores de risco associados a um tempo de internação mais longo e às taxas de complicações pós-operatórias foram investigados por meio de modelos estatísticos. Resultados Os pacientes mais velhos, com graus mais elevados na classificação da ASA ou que sofreram complicações pós-operatórias, ficaram internados por mais tempo. Para cada aumento em um ano de idade, esperamos que o tempo de internação seja multiplicado por 1,008 (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,004 a 1,012; p < 0,001). Em pacientes de grau III na classificação da ASA, espera-se que o tempo seja multiplicado por 1,297 (IC95%: 1,083 a 1,554; p = 0,005) em comparação com pacientes de grau I. Em pacientes com complicações pós-operatórias, espera-se que o tempo seja multiplicado por 1,505 (IC95%: 1,332 a 1,700; p < 0,001) em comparação com pacientes sem complicações. Conclusão Este estudo demonstrou que, em pacientes submetidos a ATJ primária, características pré-operatórias, como idade avançada e grau ≥ III na classificação da ASA, e o desenvolvimento de complicações pós-operatórias predizem o aumento do tempo de internação hospitalar de forma independente.

Quality of Life and Satisfaction in Patients Above and Under 65 Years Old Submitted to Total Knee Arthroplasty / Qualidade de vida e satisfação de pacientes com idade superior ou inferior a 65 anos submetidos a artroplastia total de joelho

Abstract Objective To compare the level of quality of life and satisfaction after two years of total knee arthroplasties between individuals above and below 65 years of age and to identify predictor factors of poor clinical outcome and low level of satisfaction in patients undergoing arthroplasty. Methods This is a retrospective cohort with data from patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis submitted to primary total knee arthroplasty from 2014 to 2018 (n= 190). Clinical outcomes were assessed using the following scores: visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, EQ-5D-3L and EUROQOL-VAS (quality of life scales), patient satisfaction level, and functional scale of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), collected through a questionnaire applied preoperatively, as well as 1, 3, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Results Patients < 65 years old presented significantly lower values (clinical worsening) in KOOS-pain and KOOS-symptoms. There are no differences in the principal clinical scores that assess pain, function, and quality of life after the procedure, as well as in the rate of satisfaction with the procedure, among patients < 65 years old when compared with patients ≥ 65 years old. It was also observed that patients who were not satisfied with the procedure in the 24-month evaluation presented clinical results in some analyzed scores (KOOS-pain and EQ-VAS) similar to patients who declared themselves satisfied. Conclusion Scores that assess pain, function, quality of life, as well as satisfaction rate are similar between patients < 65 years old and those ≥ 65 years old.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a qualidade de vida e satisfação 2 anos após a artroplastia total de joelho em indivíduos com idade ≥ e < 65 anos e identificar fatores preditivos de pior evolução clínica e baixo nível de satisfação nestes pacientes. Métodos Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de dados de pacientes com diagnóstico de osteoartrite de joelho submetidos a artroplastia total primária de joelho entre 2014 e 2018 (n= 190). Os resultados clínicos foram avaliados de acordo com os seguintes escores: escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor, EQ-5D-3L e EUROQOL-VAS (escalas de qualidade de vida), nível de satisfação do paciente e escala funcional do Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS, na sigla em inglês). Estes dados foram coletados por meio de questionário aplicado no período pré-operatório e 1, 3, 12 e 24 meses após a cirurgia. Resultados Os pacientes < 65 anos apresentaram valores significativamente menores (piora clínica) nas escalas KOOS-dor e KOOS-sintomas. Não houve diferenças nas principais pontuações clínicas de dor, função e qualidade de vida após o procedimento, nem no índice de satisfação com a cirurgia, entre pacientes < 65 anos em comparação com aqueles ≥ 65 anos. Observamos também que os pacientes não satisfeitos com o procedimento à avaliação de 24 meses apresentaram resultados clínicos em alguns escores analisados (KOOS-dor e EQ-VAS) semelhantes aos dos pacientes que se declararam satisfeitos. Conclusão Os escores que avaliam dor, função, qualidade de vida e índice de satisfação são semelhantes entre os pacientes < 65 anos e aqueles ≥ 65 anos.

Lumbar arthrodesis in degenerative spine: post operative results and radiographic evaluation / Artrodese lombar nas afecções degenerativas da coluna: análise radiográfica e resultados pós-operatórios / Lumbar arthrodesis in degenerative spine: post operative results and radiographic evaluation

ABSTRACT Objective: To relate the radiographic fusion rate and the surgical results in patients undergoing posterolateral arthrodesis with instrumentation of the lumbar spine for the treatment of degenerative disorders. Method: A descriptive, retrospective, case series, observational study, based on medical records and imaging studies of 76 patients over 18 years of age (39 to 88 years) who underwent posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis. Data related to the presence of comorbidities were compiled and clinical outcomes were measured using specific questionnaires collected pre-surgical and 1 year after surgery. Fusion quality, as described by Christensen, was assessed from radiographic images by two examiners. The VAS, EQ-5D and Roland Morris questionnaires were used preoperatively and 1 year after surgery to assess pain, quality of life and function, respectively. Result: It was observed improvement in pain, function and quality of life after 1 year post-surgical. Pain, measured by VAS, had a reduction from 7.92 to 3.16 (p-value <0.001), the function evaluated by the Roland Morris score, also showed a reduction from 14.90 to 7.06 (p-value <0.001) . Culminating with the improvement in quality of life, measured by the EQ-5D, where there was a median increase in the score from 0.5672 to 0.7002 (p-value = 0.002). Conclusion: The absence of radiographic fusion has no direct correlation with worse results in clinical outcomes at 01 year after surgery. Most patients showed clinical improvement with no statistical difference in relation to cases in which bone fusion was obtained. Level of evidence IV; retrospective observation.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Relacionar a taxa de fusão radiográfica e os resultados cirúrgicos nos pacientes submetidos a artrodese posterolateral com instrumentação da coluna lombar para tratamento de afecções degenerativas. Método: Estudo observacional retrospectivo descritivo, tipo série de casos, com base em prontuários médicos e exames de imagem de 76 pacientes maiores de 18 anos (39 a 88 anos), submetidos a artrodese lombar posterolateral. Dados relacionados a presença de comorbidades foram compilados e os desfechos clínicos mensurados por meio de questionários específicos coletados no pré-cirúrgico e após um ano pós-cirúrgico. A qualidade da fusão, conforme descrita por Christensen, foi avaliada a partir de imagens radiográficas por dois examinadores. Os questionários de EVA, EQ-5D e Roland Morris foram utilizados no pré-cirúrgico e um ano pós-cirúrgico para avaliar dor, qualidade de vida e função, respectivamente. Resultado: Observou se melhora na dor, função e qualidade de vida após um ano pós-cirúrgico. A dor, mensurada pelo EVA teve uma redução de 7,92 para 3,16 (p-valor <0,001), a função avaliada pelo escore Roland Morris, também apresentou redução de 14,90 para 7,06 (p-valor <0,001). Culminando com a melhora na qualidade de vida, mensurada pelo EQ-5D, onde observou-se um aumento mediano escore de 0,5672 para 0,7002 (p-valor = 0,002). Conclusão: A ausência de fusão radiográfica não tem correlação direta com piores resultados nos desfechos clínicos em um ano de pós-cirúrgico. Maioritariamente, os pacientes apresentaram melhora clínica sem diferença estatística em relação aos casos em que foi obtido fusão óssea. Nível de evidência IV; Observacional retrospectivo.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Relacionar ei índice de fusión radiográfica y los resultados quirúrgicos en pacientes sometidos a artrodesis posterolateral con instrumentación de columna lumbar para el tratamiento de trastornos degenerativos. Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, serie de casos, observacional, basado en historias clínicas y estudios de imagen de 76 pacientes may ores de 18 anos (39 a 88 anos) a quienes se les realizó artrodesis lumbar posterolateral. Se recopilaron datos relacionados con la presencia de comorbilidades y se midieron los resultados clínicos mediante cuestionarios específicos recogidos antes de la cirugía y al año de la cirugía. La calidad de la fusión, según lo descrito por Christensen, fue evaluada a partir de imágenes radiográficas por dos examinadores. Los cuestionarios VAS, EQ-5D y Roland Morris se utilizaron en el preoperatorio y 1 año después de la cirugía para evaluar el dolor, la calidad de vida y la función, respectivamente. Resultado: Se observó mejoría en el dolor, función y calidad de vida después de 1 año posquirúrgico. El dolor, medido por EVA, tuvo una reducción de 7,92 a 3,16 (p-valor <0,001), la función evaluada por el puntaje de Roland Morris, también mostró una reducción de 14,90 a 7,06 (p-valor <0,001). Culminando con la mejora en la calidad de vida, medida por el EQ-5D, donde hubo un aumento mediano en el puntaje de 0,5672 a 0,7002 (p-valor = 0,002). Conclusión: La ausencia de fusión radiográfica no tiene correlación directa con peores resultados en los resultados clínicos al 01 año de la cirugía. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron mejoría clínica sin diferencia estadística en relación a los casos en los que se obtuvo fusión ósea. Nivel de evidencia IV; observación retrospectiva.

Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT Objective We performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS (January 2019 to March 2021) for patients aged 18 years or older, who had COVID-19 and were treated with hydroxychloroquine versus placebo or standard of care. We also searched the WHO Clinical Trials Registry for ongoing and recently completed studies, and the reference lists of selected articles and reviews for possible relevant studies, with no restrictions regarding language or publication status. Random-effects models were used to obtain pooled mean differences of treatment effect on mortality, and serious adverse effects between hydroxychloroquine and the Control Group (standard of care or placebo); heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and the Cochran´s Q statistic. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in mortality rate between patients treated with hydroxychloroquine compared to standard of care or placebo (16.7% versus 18.5%; pooled risk ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.19). Also, the rate of serious adverse effects was similar between both Groups, Hydroxychloroquine and Control (3.7% versus 2.9%; pooled risk ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval: 0.76-1.96). Conclusion Hydroxychloroquine is not efficacious in reducing mortality of COVID-19 patients. Prospero database registration (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under number CRD42020197070.

Quality assessment of systematic reviews of surgical treatment of cervical spine degenerative diseases: an overview

ABSTRACT Objective To gather all systematic reviews of surgical treatment of degenerative cervical diseases and assess their quality, conclusions and outcomes. Methods A literature search for systematic reviews of surgical treatment of degenerative cervical diseases was conducted. Studies should have at least one surgical procedure as an intervention. Included studies were assessed for quality through Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) questionnaires. Quality of studies was rated accordingly to their final score as very poor (<30%), poor (30%-50%), fair (50%-70%), good (70%-90%), and excellent (>90%). If an article reported a conclusion addressing its primary objective with supportive statistical evidence for it, they were deemed to have an evidence-based conclusion. Results A total of 65 systematic reviews were included. According to AMSTAR and PRISMA, 1.5% to 6.2% of studies were rated as excellent, while good studies counted for 21.5% to 47.7%. According to AMSTAR, most studies were of fair quality (46.2%), and 6.2% of very poor quality. Mean PRISMA score was 70.2%, meaning studies of good quality. For both tools, performing a meta-analysis significantly increased studies scores and quality. Cervical spondylosis studies reached highest scores among diseases analyzed. Authors stated conclusions for interventions compared in 70.7% of studies, and only two of them were not supported by statistical evidence. Conclusion Systematic reviews of surgical treatment of cervical degenerative diseases present "fair" to "good" quality in their majority, and most of the reported conclusions are supported by statistical evidence. Including a meta-analysis significantly increases the quality of a systematic review.

Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation for treatment of focal chondral lesions in the knee: the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein experience

ABSTRACT Objective Phase 1 clinical trial to determine feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a new advanced cell therapy product for treatment of knee articular cartilage injuries. Methods Three participants with knee focal chondral lesions were included, with no signs of osteoarthritis. Chondrocytes were obtained through knee arthroscopy, cultured in collagen membrane for 3 weeks at the laboratory, subjected to tests to release the cell therapy product, and implanted. All patients underwent a specific 3-month rehabilitation protocol, followed by assessments using functional and imaging scales. The main outcome was the incidence of severe adverse events. Results Three participants were included and completed the 2-year follow-up. There was one severe adverse event, venous thrombosis of distal leg veins, which was no associated with therapy, was treated and left no sequelae. The clinical and radiological scales showed improvement in the three cases. Conclusion The preliminary results, obtained with the described methodology, allow concluding that this product of advanced cell therapy is safe and feasible. ReBEC platform registration number: RBR-6fgy76

Clinical outcome analysis in surgical patients enrolled in a Second Opinion Program in spine surgery

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze pain, functional capacity, quality of life, anxiety and depression outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery following use of the Second Opinion Program, and to present disagreements regarding diagnoses and therapeutic indications between the first and second opinions. Methods A prospective, observational cohort study with 100 patients enrolled in the Second Opinion Program who underwent lumbar spine surgery. Questionnaires addressing pain intensity, level of disability, quality of life, anxiety and depression were applied prior to and within 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of surgery. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. The following clinical outcomes were analyzed: pain intensity, level of disability, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Results In this sample, 88% and 12% out of 100 patients were submitted to lumbar decompression and arthrodesis, respectively. Patients reported improvements in function, pain intensity, and quality of life factors following surgery and were able to attain the minimal clinically important difference relative to the preoperative period. Agreement between the first and second opinions was observed in 44% of diagnoses, and in 27% of therapeutic indications. Conclusion Patients had favorable postoperative outcomes regarding pain, disability, and quality of life. These findings and the high rates of diagnostic and therapeutic indication disagreements corroborate the need of a second opinion in cases of spine disease with surgical indications.

Physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for adults with insomnia: systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective To systematically review the effects (benefits and harms) of different types of physical exercise on insomnia outcomes in adult populations with no mood disorders. Objective and subjective sleep outcomes and related mismatches were analyzed. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Quality of evidence was also examined. Results Six studies including 295 participants with insomnia diagnosis were selected. Yoga, Tai Chi, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise were used in protocols with different duration, intensity and frequency. Studies involved different populations, including inactive or sedentary individuals, older adults and postmenopausal women. Physical exercise improved subjective sleep quality (very low quality of evidence) and reduced insomnia severity (high quality of evidence). Conclusion Findings suggest individualized physical exercise must be addressed to design optimal protocols, with standardized type, duration, intensity, and frequency. For the time being, physical exercise may be considered an alternative and/or ancillary therapeutic modality for patients diagnosed with insomnia. Physical exercise can be used to improve subjective complaints, but not objective sleep outcomes.

Total hip arthroplasty in the public health system of são paulo: comparing types of fixation / Artroplastia total de quadril no sistema público de são paulo: comparando os tipos de fixação

ABSTRACT Brazil lacks registries on the prevalence of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) fixation methods. Objective: (i) to describe the demographic profile of patients who underwent THA in the public health system of the municipality of São Paulo during the last 12 years and (ii) to compare fixation methods regarding costs, hospital stay length, and death rates. Methods: This is an ecological study conducted with data available on TabNet, a platform belonging to DATASUS. Public data (from the government health system) on THA procedures performed in São Paulo from 2008 to 2019 were extracted. Gender, age, city region, THA fixation method, number of surgeries, costs, hospital stay length, and death rates were analyzed. Results: We analyzed 7,673 THA, of which 6220 (81%) were performed via cementless/hybrid fixation and 1453 (19%), via the cemented technique. Cementless/hybrid fixation had a higher cost (US$ 495.27) than the cemented one (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, hospital stay length was 0.87 days longer for cemented fixation than the cementless/hybrid one. We found no significant difference in death rates between THA fixation methods. Conclusion: THA cementless/hybrid fixation is prevalent in the municipality of São Paulo, which had higher total costs and shorter hospitalizations than cemented fixation. We found no difference between THA fixation methods and death rates. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

RESUMO No Brasil, não há registros da prevalência do tipo de fixação da artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ). Objetivo: (i) Descrever perfil demográfico de pacientes submetidos à ATQ no Sistema Único de Saúde de São Paulo durante os últimos doze anos; e (ii) comparar as técnicas de fixação de ATQ quanto aos custos, tempo de internação (TI) e taxa de óbito. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com dados disponíveis na TabNet do DATASUS. Dados públicos de procedimentos de ATQ eletivos realizados em São Paulo de 2008 a 2019 foram extraídos. Foram analisados: sexo, idade, região municipal, método de fixação em ATQ, número de cirurgias, custo, tempo de internação e óbitos. Resultados: Foram analisadas 7.673 ATQs, sendo 6.220 (81%) não-cimentada/híbridas e 1.453 (19%) cimentadas. A fixação não-cimentada/híbrida teve custo maior em US$ 495,27 do que a cimentada (p < 0,001). Entretanto, TI foi 0,87 dia mais longo na fixação cimentada. Não houve diferença significativa nas taxas de óbito entre os métodos de fixação. Conclusão: A fixação não-cimentada/híbrida na ATQ é prevalente em São Paulo, e apresentou maior custo total, porém menor tempo de internação do que a fixação cimentada. Não houve diferença entre o método de fixação em ATQ e a taxa de óbito. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Minimally invasive swine spine surgery training: technical aspects, benefits, and anatomical limitations

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the technical specificities and feasibility of simulation of minimally invasive spine surgery in live pigs, as well as similarities and differences in comparison to surgery in humans. Methods A total of 22 Large White class swine models, weighing between 60 and 80kg, were submitted to surgical simulations, performed during theoretical-practical courses for training surgical techniques (microsurgical and endoscopic lumbar decompression; percutaneous pedicular instrumentation; lateral access to the thoracic spine, and anterior and retroperitoneal to the lumbar spine, and management of complications) by 86 spine surgeons. For each surgical technique, porcine anatomy (similarities and differences in relation to human anatomy), access route, and dimensions of the instruments and implants used were evaluated. Thus, the authors describe the feasibility of each operative simulation, as well as suggestions to optimize training. Study results are descriptive, with figures and drawings. Results Neural decompression surgeries (microsurgeries and endoscopic) and pedicular instrumentation presented higher similarities to surgery on humans. On the other hand, intradiscal procedures had limitations due to the narrow disc space in swines. We were able to simulate situations of surgical trauma in surgical complication scenarios, such as cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and excessive bleeding, with comparable realism to surgery on humans. Conclusion A porcine model for simulation of minimally invasive spinal surgical techniques had similarities with surgery on humans, and is therefore feasible for surgeon training.

Lumbar Decompression Versus Spinal Fusion ina Private Outpatient Setting: A Retrospective Study with Three Years of Follow-up / Descompressão lombar versus fusão espinhal em ambiente ambulatorial privado: Um estudo retrospectivo com três anos de acompanhamento

Abstract Objective To compare pain, function, quality of life and adverse events of lumbar decompression and spinal fusion in patients with degenerative spinal pathologies who participated in a second opinion program for spinal surgeries with a 36-month followup. Methods The data for this retrospective cohort were withdrawn from a private healthcare system between June 2011 and January 2014. The study sample consisted of 71 patients with a lumbar spine surgical referral. The outcomes for the comparisons between lumbar decompression and spinal fusion were quality of life (evaluated through the EuroQoL 5D), pain (measured by the Numerical Rating Scale) and function (assessed through the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) measured at baseline, and at 12 and 36 months after the surgical procedures. The definitions of recovery were established by the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). The baseline differences between the groups were analyzed by non-paired t-test, and the differences in instrument scores between time points, by generalized mixed models. The results were presented as mean values adjusted by the models and 95% confidence intervals. Results Concerning the surgical techniques, 22 patients were submitted to spinal fusion and 49 patients, to lumbar decompression. As for the comparisons of the findings before and after the surgical interventions, the MCID was achieved in all outcomes regarding quality of life, pain and function at both time points when compared to baseline scores Moreover, concerning the complication rates, only lumbar decompression presented a surgical rate of 4% (n = 3) for recurrence of lumbar disc hernia. Conclusion Patients with degenerative spinal pathologies present improvements in long-term outcomes of pain, function and quality of life which are clinically significant, no matter the surgical intervention.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a dor, a função, a qualidade de vida e os eventos adversos da descompressão lombar e da fusão espinhal em pacientes com patologias degenerativas da coluna vertebral que participaram de um programa de segunda opinião para cirurgias de coluna com acompanhamento de 36 meses. Métodos Os dados desta coorte retrospectiva foram obtidos de um sistema de saúde privado entre junho de 2011 e janeiro de 2014. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 71 pacientes encaminhados para cirurgia de coluna lombar. Os desfechos para comparações entre a descompressão lombar e a fusão espinhal foram qualidade de vida (avaliada pelo questionário EuroQoL 5D), dor (medida pela Escala Numérica de Classificação de Dor) e função (avaliada pelo Questionário de Incapacidade de Roland Morris) no início do estudo e aos 12 e 36 meses de acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico. As definições de recuperação foram estabelecidas pela diferença mínima clinicamente importante (DMCI). As diferenças basais entre os grupos foram analisadas por teste t não pareado, e as diferenças nas pontuações dos instrumentos entre os momentos, por modelos mistos generalizados. Os resultados foram apresentados como valores médios ajustados pelos modelos e intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados No total, 22 pacientes foram submetidos à artrodese, e 49 pacientes, à descompressão lombar. Quanto às comparações de achados antes e depois das intervenções cirúrgicas, a DMCI foi alcançada em todos os desfechos de qualidade de vida, dor e função nos dois pontos de acompanhamento em relação aos escores basais Em relação às complicações, apenas a descompressão lombar apresentou 4% (n = 3) de taxa cirúrgica de recidiva da hérnia de disco lombar. Conclusão Pacientes com patologias espinhais degenerativas apresentam melhoras nos desfechos de dor, função e qualidade de vida em longo prazo que são clinicamente significativas e independentes da intervenção cirúrgica.

Preferences of orthopedic surgeons for treating midshaft clavicle fracture in adults / Preferências dos cirurgiões ortopédicos para o tratamento da fratura do terço médio da clavícula em adultos

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the current clinical practice in Latin America for treating midshaft clavicle fractures, including surgical and non-surgical approaches. Methods A cross-sectional study using a descriptive questionnaire. Shoulder and elbow surgeons from the Brazilian Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery and from the Latin American Society of Shoulder and Elbow were contacted and asked to complete a short questionnaire (SurveyMonkey®) on the management of midshaft fractures of the clavicle. Incomplete or inconsistent answers were excluded. Results The type of radiographic classification preferably used was related to description of fracture morphology, according to 41% of participants. Allman classification ranked second and was used by 24.1% of participants. As to indications for surgical treatment, only the indications with shortening and imminence of skin exposure were statistically significant. Conservative treatment was chosen in cortical contact. Regarding immobilization method, the simple sling was preferred, and treatment lasted from 4 to 6 weeks. Although the result was not statistically significant, the blocked plate was the preferred option in surgical cases. Conclusion The treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures in Latin America is in accordance with the current literature.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a prática clínica atual na América Latina para o tratamento das fraturas do terço médio da clavícula, incluindo abordagens cirúrgicas e não cirúrgicas. Métodos Estudo transversal com aplicação de questionário descritivo. Cirurgiões de ombro e cotovelo da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Ombro e Cotovelo e da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Ombro e Cotovelo foram contatados e convidados a completar um breve questionário (SurveyMonkey®) sobre o manejo das fraturas do terço médio da clavícula. Foram excluídas as respostas incompletas ou inconsistentes. Resultados O tipo de classificação radiográfica utilizada de preferência esteve de acordo com a descrição da morfologia da fratura, representando 41% do total dos participantes. Em segundo lugar, apareceu a classificação de Allman, que foi utilizada por 24,1% dos participantes. Nas indicações de tratamento cirúrgico, as indicações com encurtamento e iminência de exposição da pele foram estatisticamente significativas. Tratamento conservador foi prescrito em caso de contato entre as corticais. Como método de imobilização, a tipoia simples foi a preferência, e o tempo de tratamento foi de 4 a 6 semanas. Apesar do resultado sem significância estatística, a placa bloqueada foi a opção preferencial nos casos cirúrgicos. Conclusão A metodologia de tratamento das fraturas do terço médio da clavícula nos países da América Latina é semelhante, assim como com a literatura atual.

Hemarthrosis subtalar, a rare diagnosis / Hemartrose subtalar, um diagnóstico raro

ABSTRACT Type B hemophilia usually affects patients with a family history of this disease and has a typical clinical picture. However, in the present case it appeared in a patient outside the typical age with no family history of hematologic malignancies and with an unusual clinical picture.

RESUMO A hemofilia do tipo B afeta normalmente pacientes com história familiar positiva para a doença e se apresenta com quadro clínico típico. No presente caso, no entanto, o diagnóstico se deu em um paciente fora da idade típica, sem histórico familiar de doenças hematológicas e quadro clínico diferente do habitual.

Interaction of demographic factors with the results of the surgery for degenerative disease of the cervical spine: a retrospective evaluation / Interação dos dados demográficos com os resultados da cirurgia da doença degenerativa da coluna cervical: uma avaliação retrospectiva

ABSTRACT Objective: Degenerative disease of the cervical spine is a frequent source of intermittent neck pain, where the predominant symptom is axial neck pain. The indications for surgical treatment are reserved for the cases where the conservative treatment has not relieved the symptoms or the patient presents progressive neurological impairment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors involved in patients submitted to surgical treatment of the cervical spine, Methods: The study analyzed data from patients submitted to cervical spine surgery between July 2011 and November 2015 (n= 58). The evaluated data included smoking habits, hypertension, diabetes, overweight, surgical technique, and number of levels of fusion. The primary outcome was defined as pain and the secondary outcomes were quality of life and disability., Results: A statistically significant difference was found between baseline and the 12-month post-operative results regarding pain in favor of non-hypertensive patients (p= 0.009) and discectomy plus instrumentation (, p= 0.004). There was also significant difference between the results of neck disability in favor of non-hypertensive patients (p= 0.028) and patients with body mass index lower than 25, kg/m2 (p= 0.005). There was no significant interaction between any analyzed data and the quality of life score results. Conclusions: Non-hypertensive patients, those with body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2, and those submitted to discectomy combined with arthrodesis of the cervical spine are the most benefited by cervical degenerative disease surgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: A doença degenerativa da coluna cervical é uma fonte frequente de dor cervical intermitente, na qual os sintomas predominantes são dor axial cervical. As indicações para cirurgia são reservadas para os casos de falha do tratamento conservador ou com sintomas neurológicos progressivos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores prognósticos dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da coluna cervical. Métodos: O estudo avaliou os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia da coluna cervical entre julho de 2011 e novembro de 2015 (n = 58). As variáveis de comparação avaliadas foram tabagismo, hipertensão, diabete, sobrepeso, técnica cirúrgica aplicada e número de níveis de artrodese. O desfecho primário foi definido como dor e os desfechos secundários foram qualidade de vida e disfunção. Resultados: Encontramos diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os escores de dor de base e aos 12 meses após a cirurgia, favorável aos pacientes sem hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p = 0,009) e aos submetidos à discectomia com instrumentação (p = 0,004). Também houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na avaliação da disfunção da coluna cervical: o resultado foi mais favorável para os pacientes sem diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão (p = 0,028) e para os pacientes com IMC menor do que 25 kg/m2(p = 0,005). Não se observou evidência de interação significativa entre os dados avaliados e os resultados do questionário de qualidade de vida. Conclusões: Os pacientes não hipertensos, com índice de massa corpórea menor do que 25 kg/cm2e submetidos à artrodese combinada à discectomia, são os mais beneficiados com o procedimento cirúrgico da doença degenerativa da coluna cervical.

Interobserver reproducibility of radiographic evaluation of lumbar spine instability / Reprodutibilidade interobservadores da avaliação radiográfica de instabilidade em coluna lombar

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the interobserver reproducibility of the radiographic evaluation of lumbar spine instability. Methods: Measurements of the dynamic radiographs of the lumbar spine in lateral view were performed, evaluating the anterior translation and the angulation among the vertebral bodies. The tests were evaluated at workstations of the organization, through the Carestream Health Vue RIS (PACS), version 11.0.12.14 Inc. 2009© system. Results: Agreement in detecting cases of radiographic instability among the observers varied from 88.1 to 94.4%, and the agreement coefficients AC1 were all above 0.8, indicating excellent agreement. Conclusion: The interobserver analysis performed among orthopedic surgeons with different levels of training in dynamic radiographs of the spine obtained high reproducibility and agreement. However, some factors, such as the manual method of measurement and the presence of vertebral osteophytes, might have generated a few less accurate results in this comparative evaluation of measurements.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mensurar a reprodutibilidade interobservadores da avaliação radiográfica da instabilidade da coluna lombar. Métodos: Foram realizadas mensurações das radiografias dinâmicas de coluna lombar na incidência em perfil, avaliando-se a translação anterior e a angulação entre os corpos vertebrais. Os exames foram avaliados em workstations da própria instituição, por meio do sistema Vue RIS (PACS) da Carestream Health, versão 11.0.12.14 Inc. 2009©. Resultados: A proporção de concordância em detecção de casos de instabilidade radiográfica entre os observadores variou de 88,1 a 94,4%, e os coeficientes de concordância AC1 estiveram todos acima de 0,8, indicando concordância excelente. Conclusão: A análise interobservadores realizada entre médicos ortopedistas com diferentes níveis de treinamento em radiografias dinâmicas da coluna vertebral obteve elevada reprodutibilidade e concordância. No entanto, alguns fatores, como método manual de aferição e a presença de osteófitos vertebrais, podem ter gerado alguns resultados menos consistentes nessa avaliação comparativa de medidas.

Femoral quadriceps neuromuscular electrical stimulation after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review / Estimulação elétrica neuromuscular do quadríceps após artroplastia total de joelho: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients submitted to total knee arthroplasty. This was a systematic review with no language or publication status restriction. Our search was made in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS. Randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials evaluating neuromuscular electrical stimulation after total knee arthroplasty were included. Four studies with moderate risk of bias and low statistical power were included, totalizing 376 participants. There was no statistically significant difference in knee function, pain and range of motion during 12 month follow-up. This review concluded that neuromuscular electrical stimulation was less effective than traditional rehabilitation in function, muscular strength and range of motion. However, this technique was useful for quadriceps activation during the first days after surgery.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total de joelho. Esta foi uma revisão sistemática sem restrição de idioma ou status de publicação. Nossa pesquisa foi realizada na biblioteca Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase e LILACS. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados ou quase-randomizados, avaliando a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular após a artroplastia total de joelho. Quatro estudos com risco de viés moderado e de baixo poder estatístico foram incluídos, totalizando 376 participantes. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na função do joelho, dor e amplitude de movimento durante 12 meses de seguimento. Esta avaliação concluiu que a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular foi menos eficaz do que a reabilitação tradicional na função, força muscular e amplitude de movimento. No entanto, essa técnica é útil para a ativação do quadríceps durante os primeiros dias após a cirurgia.

Analysis of epidemiology, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors in patients with back pain admitted to an orthopedic emergency unit / Análise epidemiológica, de hábitos de vida e de fatores psicossociais de pacientes com dorsolombalgia em unidade de pronto atendimento ortopédico

ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate epidemiological data, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors as predictors for clinical manifestation of back pain in patients treated at the orthopedic emergency unit of a Brazilian tertiary care hospital, and to evaluate their interest in participating in a hypothetical program for physical rehabilitation. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study. We evaluated 210 patients from the emergency department of a tertiary hospital with a major complaint of back pain. We used: epidemiological multiple-choice questionnaires developed for this study; Oswestry questionnaire for physical disability; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) scale. Data analyses were performed using SAS - Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, 2001). Measurements were performed with the SAS functions Proc MEANS and Proc Freq. Results: The mean age was 39.1 years and there was no predominance between genders. The usual work activity was administrative (65.2% of cases). The mean body mass index was 26.0, indicating overweight. The majority (83.3%) of patients had low physical disability (Oswestry 0 – 40%). The number of medical visits in the previous 6 months (p=0.04) and the scores of anxiety and depression (p=0.05), independently, were correlated with physical disability. Most patients (77%) would agree to participate in a hypothetical program of physical rehabilitation for prevention of back pain. Conclusion: Patients with back pain complaints were predominantly young adults, sedentary or hypoactive, overweight, and with recurrent complaints of symptoms. Most participants had low levels of physical disability and would accept participation in a hypothetical physical rehabilitation program for the prevention of back pain. .

RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar dados epidemiológicos, hábitos de vida e fatores psicossociais como preditivos para manifestação clínica de dorsolombalgia em pacientes atendidos no setor de urgências ortopédicas de hospital terciário brasileiro, além de avaliar o interesse em participar de programa hipotético para reabilitação física. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional do tipo transversal. Foram avaliados 210 pacientes provenientes do pronto atendimento de um hospital terciário, com queixa predominante de dor nas costas. Foram utilizados: questionários epidemiológicos do tipo múltipla escolha desenvolvidos para o presente estudo; questionário Oswestry para incapacidade física; e escala Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). As análises dos dados foram realizadas por meio do programa SAS - Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, 2001). Os cálculos foram realizados com as funções Proc MEANS e Proc Freq do SAS. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 39,1 anos e não houve predominância entre os gêneros. A atividade laborativa mais frequente foi a administrativa (65,2% dos casos). Observou-se índice de massa corporal médio de 26,0, que indicou sobrepeso. A maioria (83,3%) dos pacientes apresentou baixa incapacidade física (Oswestry de 0 – 40%). O número de visitas nos 6 meses anteriores (p=0,04) e os escores de ansiedade e depressão (p=0,05), isoladamente, tiveram correlação com a incapacidade física. A maioria dos pacientes (77%) aceitaria participar de programa hipotético de reabilitação física para prevenção de dores nas costas. Conclusão: Os pacientes com queixa de dorsolombalgia foram, predominantemente, adultos jovens, sedentários ou hipoativos, com sobrepeso e com queixas recorrentes dos sintomas. A maioria dos participantes apresentou baixa incapacidade física e aceitaria participar de programa hipotético de reabilitação física para a prevenção de dores nas costas. .

Shockwave treatment for musculoskeletal diseases and bone consolidation: qualitative analysis of the literature / Tratamento por ondas de choque nas doenças musculoesqueléticas e consolidação óssea - Análise qualitativa da literatura

Shockwave treatment is an option within orthopedics. The exact mechanism through which shockwaves function for treating musculoskeletal diseases is unknown. The aim of this study was to make a qualitative analysis on the effectiveness of shockwave treatment among patients with musculoskeletal pathological conditions and pseudarthrosis. Searches were conducted in the Cochrane Library, Medline and Lilacs databases. Thirty-nine studies that reported using shockwave treatment for musculoskeletal diseases were found. Their results varied greatly, as did the types of protocol used. The studies that evaluated the effectiveness of shockwave treatment for lateral epicondylitis, shoulder tendinopathy, knee osteoarthrosis, femoral head osteonecrosis and trochanteric bursitis reported inconsistent results for most of their patients. Those that evaluated patients with calcifying tendinopathy, plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinopathy, patellar tendinopathy and pseudarthrosis showed benefits. Shockwave treatment is a safe and non-invasive method for chronic cases in which conventional techniques have been unsatisfactory and should be used in association with other treatment methods for tendinopathy. Further quality studies are needed...

O tratamento por ondas de choque é uma opção na ortopedia. O mecanismo exato pelo qual funcionam as ondas de choque para tratar doenças musculoesqueléticas não é conhecido. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer a análise qualitativa da efetividade do tratamento por ondas de choque em pacientes com patologias musculoesqueléticas e pseudoartroses. A pesquisa foi feita nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, Medline e Lilacs. Encontrou 39 estudos que relatam o tratamento por ondas de choque de doenças musculoesqueléticas. Os resultados são muito variados, assim como os tipos de protocolo. Os estudos que avaliaram a efetividade do tratamento por ondas de choque para epicondilite lateral, tendinopatias do ombro, osteoartrose do joelho, osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur e bursite trocanteriana relataram resultados inconsistentes para a melhoria dos pacientes. Os que avaliaram pacientes com tendinopatia calcária, fascite plantar, tendinopatia do tendão calcâneo e patelar e pseudoartrose mostraram benefício. O tratamento por ondas de choque é um método seguro e não invasivo para os casos crônicos em que os convencionais não tenham sido satisfatórios e deve ser associado aos outros métodos de tratamento das tendinopatias. Novos estudos de qualidade são necessários...

Lipoma subdeltoídeo como causa de síndrome do impacto no ombro – um relato de caso / Subdeltoid lipoma causing shoulder impingement syndrome – a case report

A síndrome do impacto é definida pela colisão dos tendões dos músculos que formam o manguito rotador contra o arco coracoacromial. Vários fatores concorrem para essa doença e são classificados como estruturais ou funcionais. Os primeiros são alterações do arco coracoacromial, úmero, bursa e manguito rotador; os fatores funcionais estão relacionados com o mecanismo de elevação do membro superior, por meio da atividade sincronizada e equilibrada entre o manguito rotador e os músculos da cintura escapular. Os autores relatam aqui, o caso de um lipoma parosteal do úmero proximal, situado entre os ventres musculares do deltoide, redondo menor e infraespinhal ocasionando os sinais clínicos da síndrome do impacto. Trata-se de uma ocorrência rara, caracterizada como uma causa estrutural para o desencadeamento dessa sintomatologia.

The impingement syndrome is defined by the compression of the rotator cuff tendons against the coracoacromial arch. Several factors contribute to this condition and they are classified as structural or functional factors. The former are changes in the coracoacromial arch, proximal humerus, bursa and rotator cuff, and the latter are related to the mechanism of the upper limb by means of synchronized activity and balanced between the rotator cuff and scapular girdle muscles. The authors report here a case of parosteal lipoma of the proximal humerus, located between the muscles deltoid, teres minor and infraspinatus causing clinical signs of impingement. It is a rare occurrence, characterized as a structural cause for the onset of this symptom.

Epidemiology of total hip and knee replacement: a cross-sectional study / Epidemiologia da artroplastia total de quadril e de joelho: estudo transversal

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and adverse events of patients submitted to total hip and total knee replacement. METHODS: A cross-sectional study retrospectively assessing medical chart data of all total hip and total knee replacements performed at a private hospital, between January 2007 and December 2010 Patients submitted to total hip and total knee replacement, with consent of surgeons were included. Incomplete records and/or missing data of the hospital database were excluded. The categorical variables analyzed were age, gender, type of arthroplasty (primary or secondary), type of procedure, duration of surgery, use of drains, risk of infection, compliance to protocol for prevention of deep venous thrombosis and embolism pulmonary, and compliance to the protocol for prevention of infection. The outcomes assessed were adverse events after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 510 patients were included; in that, 166 admissions for knee replacements (92 male) and 344 admissions for hip replacements (176 female). The mean age of patients was 71 years (range 31-99 years). Adverse events were reported in 76 patients (14.9%); there was no correlation between assessed variables and number of complications. CONCLUSION: The results showed no individual factors favoring complications in patients submitted to total hip and total knee replacement; hence, surgeons should consider prophylaxis to avoid complications.

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características epidemiológicas e os eventos adversos dos pacientes submetidos aos procedimentos de artroplastia de quadril e joelho. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com avaliação retrospectiva de prontuários médicos de todas artroplastias de quadril e de joelho realizadas entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro de 2010, em hospital privado. Foram incluídos pacientes adultos submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril ou do joelho, com anuência dos cirurgiões. Foram excluídos os pacientes com prontuários incompletos ou perdidos na base de dados do hospital. As variáveis categóricas analisadas foram: idade, gênero, tipo de artroplastia (primária ou secundária), tipo de procedimento, tempo de cirurgia, uso de drenos, risco de infecção, adesão ao protocolo para prevenção de trombose venosa profunda e embolia pulmonar, e adesão ao protocolo para prevenção de infecção. Os desfechos avaliados dos pacientes foram eventos adversos ocorridos após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 510 pacientes, sendo 166 hospitalizações para artroplastia do joelho (92 do gênero masculino) e 344 hospitalizações para artroplastia do quadril (176 do gênero feminino). A média da idade dos pacientes foi 71 anos (variação 31 a 99 anos). Os eventos adversos ocorreram em 76 pacientes (14,9%); não foi encontrada correlação entre as variáveis avaliadas e o número de complicações. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados não demonstraram fatores individuais que favorecessem complicações de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia do quadril e joelho; portanto, os cirurgiões têm que considerar administrações profiláticas para evitar complicações.